Which institution is primarily responsible for monitoring and regulating money in the United States?

The Federal Reserve is primarily responsible for monitoring and regulating money in the United States. Established in 1913, it serves as the central bank of the country and plays a crucial role in the nation's monetary policy. Its responsibilities include controlling inflation, managing employment levels, overseeing the stability of the financial system, and regulating and supervising banks.

By setting interest rates and influencing the availability of money and credit in the economy, the Federal Reserve can promote economic growth while aiming to maintain price stability. This ability to adjust monetary policy in response to economic conditions makes it the central institution for managing the country's money supply.

In contrast, the U.S. Treasury focuses more on fiscal policy, including the management of federal finances, overseeing the production of currency, and collecting taxes. The International Monetary Fund operates globally, providing financial assistance and advice to countries rather than regulating domestic monetary policy. The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency supervises and regulates national banks, but its role is narrower, focused on ensuring the safety and soundness of those banks rather than the broader monetary system.