What does the Senate do in relation to federal courts?

The Senate has a significant role in relation to federal courts, particularly in the establishment and confirmation of judges. One of the primary responsibilities of the Senate is to provide advice and consent on presidential nominations for federal judges, including those who serve on the Supreme Court, Courts of Appeals, and District Courts. This means that while the Senate does not handle court cases directly, it does influence the composition of the federal judiciary by confirming or rejecting the president's nominees.

Additionally, the Senate has the authority to legislate the structure of the federal court system. This allows them to create or modify courts as necessary through congressional legislation. Overall, the Senate's ability to establish federal courts and confirm judges is a fundamental part of the checks and balances that define the relationship between the legislative and judicial branches of government.